{"id":62506,"date":"2026-05-13T08:17:46","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T06:17:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/?p=62506"},"modified":"2026-05-13T08:18:13","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T06:18:13","slug":"europe-on-high-alert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/","title":{"rendered":"Europe on High Alert"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can the EU adapt quickly enough to an increasingly unstable security environment?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Europe marked the 76th anniversary of <a href=\"https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/principles-countries-history\/history-eu\/1945-59\/schuman-declaration-may-1950_en\">the Schuman Declaration<\/a> on 9 May, the 1950 proposal by French foreign minister Robert Schuman that placed Franco-German coal and steel production under a common authority, laying the political and institutional foundations of what would later become the European Union. Often presented as a peace project born from the devastation of the Second World War, the declaration also reflected an early attempt to anchor European security through economic and political interdependence.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Against that historical backdrop, EU defence ministers met in Brussels on 12 May for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/meetings\/fac\/2026\/05\/12\/\">Foreign Affairs Council<\/a> in its defence configuration, chaired by EU High Representative Kaja Kallas. The discussions focus on continued military support for Ukraine, the implications of the conflict in the Middle East for European security, the EU\u2019s updated threat analysis, and the EU defence readiness agenda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seventy-six years after the Schuman Declaration framed integration as a means of preventing war within Europe, the EU now faces growing pressure to respond collectively to conflicts within and beyond its borders. The agenda in Brussels reflects a broader question shaping current debates on European integration:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Can the EU adapt quickly enough to an increasingly unstable security environment?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An Escalating Security Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On 28 February 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/asia-pacific\/20260301-iran-supreme-leader-ayatollah-khamenei-dies-killed\">US and Israeli forces launched large-scale strikes against Iran<\/a>, killing Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and other senior members of the Iranian leadership. Iran has responded by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cddq7j48p35o\">striking US bases across the region<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/iran-using-cluster-munitions-in-retaliatory-strikes-on-israel\">Israel<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2026\/03\/12\/invitation-letter-by-president-antonio-costa-to-the-members-of-the-european-council\/\">The European Council<\/a> has acknowledged that the military escalation in the Middle East is causing global instability, the negative consequences of which are already being felt in Europe. EU foreign ministers expressed particular concern about the security of maritime routes and risks to regional stability, global trade, and energy prices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This context of geopolitical instability is influencing the priorities and direction of the Union\u2019s forthcoming European Security Strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Readiness Roadmap 2030<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/BRIE\/2026\/782589\/EPRS_BRI(2026)782589_EN.pdf\">The Defence Readiness Roadmap 2030<\/a>, presented in October 2025, sets out clear objectives and milestones, i.e., coalition formation by early 2026, industrial capacity mapping by mid-2026, and full delivery through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/safe\/\">Security Action for Europe<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu\/eu-defence-industry\/safe-security-action-europe_en\">SAFE<\/a>) instrument by 2030. The numbers behind the roadmap reflect a genuine shift in European political will. EU member states\u2019 combined defence expenditure reached \u20ac343 billion in 2024 and is estimated by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/defence-numbers\/\">the Council of the EU<\/a> at \u20ac381 billion in 2025, equivalent to around 2.1% of EU GDP. Collectively, this places EU defence spending above NATO\u2019s long-standing 2% benchmark for the first time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Foreign Affairs Council Meeting: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/meetings\/fac\/2026\/05\/12\/\">Program<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/video.consilium.europa.eu\/event\/en\/28484\">Press Conference<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Three items were on the programme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>First, Ukraine.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ministers exchanged views with Ukrainian Defence Minister Mykhailo Fedorov via video conference, alongside NATO Deputy Secretary General Radmila Shekerinska. The focus was on how EU military support continues to adapt, including through the SAFE instrument, of which 18 member states have already had their national defence investment plans approved between February and April 2026. Within this broader framework, EU Defence Ministers also discussed the operationalisation of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2026\/04\/23\/council-finalises-90-billion-support-loan-to-ukraine\/\">\u20ac90 billion support package for Ukraine<\/a> and the deepening of EU\u2013Ukraine defence industry cooperation, signalling a shift from short-term assistance toward structured, production-oriented partnerships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As emphasised during the press briefing by Kaja Kallas, the strategic direction is shifting from emergency funding toward industrial integration. The objective is increasingly to work \u201ctogether with industry on ramping up defence production\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Second, the Middle East dimension.<\/strong> Foreign ministers also reviewed EU engagement with Gulf partners, including prospects for a structured security and defence partnership. Particular attention was given to maritime stability in the <strong>Strait of Hormuz<\/strong>, which remains a critical corridor for global energy flows and EU supply security. Overall, the Council stressed that instability in the region is directly affecting Europe through security, trade, and energy interdependence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Third, defence readiness and strategic planning.<\/strong> Ministers were briefed on the updated <strong>EU <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeas.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/2020_11_20_memo_questions_and_answers_-_threat_analsysis_-_copy.pdf\">Threat Analysis<\/a><strong>,<\/strong> which is expected to be the empirical foundation for the new EU Security Strategy. Implementation discussions also covered flagship initiatives such as the <strong>SAFE framework<\/strong> and broader efforts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/BRIE\/2026\/782589\/EPRS_BRI(2026)782589_EN.pdf\">European Parliament Research Service<\/a> notes that some member states, notably France, Italy, and Germany, have expressed reservations about specific flagship initiatives pointing to unresolved questions on governance and coordination within existing EU frameworks and NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Defence and Security as priorities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>European defence is increasingly becoming one of the EU\u2019s defining political priorities. This shift is particularly visible in the Union\u2019s growing focus on defence readiness, strategic coordination, and security cooperation. The political will is more visible than at any point in recent decades, driven by growing instability on Europe\u2019s borders, the war in Ukraine, tensions in the Middle East, and uncertainty surrounding the future of transatlantic security guarantees. The discussions taking place in Brussels therefore reflect more than a response to immediate crises. Increasingly, defence and security are becoming central dimensions of the Union\u2019s future political and strategic direction. In many ways, this is a broader reflection of a world that has become markedly more unstable, fragmented, and militarised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Photo: AI Generated<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Can the EU adapt quickly enough to an increasingly unstable security environment?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":392,"featured_media":62507,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1506],"tags":[4101,1564],"class_list":["post-62506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-daily-european","tag-analysis","tag-european-union"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Rawand Ben Brahim","author_link":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/author\/rawand-ben-brahim\/"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Europe on High Alert - Ludovika.hu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Europe on High Alert - Ludovika.hu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Can the EU adapt quickly enough to an increasingly unstable security environment?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ludovika.hu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-13T06:17:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-13T06:18:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"904\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"509\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rawand Ben Brahim\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rawand Ben Brahim\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rawand Ben Brahim\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#\/schema\/person\/4af5e7d47ab2edda44209fdbb9d8be9e\"},\"headline\":\"Europe on High Alert\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-13T06:17:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-13T06:18:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/\"},\"wordCount\":828,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"analysis\",\"European Union\"],\"articleSection\":[\"The Daily European\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/\",\"name\":\"Europe on High Alert - Ludovika.hu\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-13T06:17:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-13T06:18:13+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg\",\"width\":904,\"height\":509},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"BLOGS\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The Daily European\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Europe on High Alert\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/\",\"name\":\"Ludovika.hu\",\"description\":\"Tudom\u00e1nyos ismeretterjeszt\u0151 platform\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ludovika Egyetemi Kiad\u00f3\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ludovika_egyetemi_kiado.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ludovika_egyetemi_kiado.png\",\"width\":486,\"height\":91,\"caption\":\"Ludovika Egyetemi Kiad\u00f3\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#\/schema\/person\/4af5e7d47ab2edda44209fdbb9d8be9e\",\"name\":\"Rawand Ben Brahim\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/rawand-ben-brahim-150x150.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/rawand-ben-brahim-150x150.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Rawand Ben Brahim\"},\"description\":\"Academic Research Fellow, UPS Europe Strategy Research Institute\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/author\/rawand-ben-brahim\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Europe on High Alert - Ludovika.hu","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Europe on High Alert - Ludovika.hu","og_description":"Can the EU adapt quickly enough to an increasingly unstable security environment?","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/","og_site_name":"Ludovika.hu","article_published_time":"2026-05-13T06:17:46+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-05-13T06:18:13+00:00","og_image":[{"width":904,"height":509,"url":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Rawand Ben Brahim","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Rawand Ben Brahim","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/"},"author":{"name":"Rawand Ben Brahim","@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#\/schema\/person\/4af5e7d47ab2edda44209fdbb9d8be9e"},"headline":"Europe on High Alert","datePublished":"2026-05-13T06:17:46+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-13T06:18:13+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/"},"wordCount":828,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg","keywords":["analysis","European Union"],"articleSection":["The Daily European"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/","name":"Europe on High Alert - Ludovika.hu","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg","datePublished":"2026-05-13T06:17:46+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-13T06:18:13+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/eu-high-alert_16x9.jpg","width":904,"height":509},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/2026\/05\/13\/europe-on-high-alert\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"BLOGS","item":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Daily European","item":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/blogs\/the-daily-european\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Europe on High Alert"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/","name":"Ludovika.hu","description":"Tudom\u00e1nyos ismeretterjeszt\u0151 platform","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#organization","name":"Ludovika Egyetemi Kiad\u00f3","url":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ludovika_egyetemi_kiado.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ludovika_egyetemi_kiado.png","width":486,"height":91,"caption":"Ludovika Egyetemi Kiad\u00f3"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#\/schema\/person\/4af5e7d47ab2edda44209fdbb9d8be9e","name":"Rawand Ben Brahim","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/rawand-ben-brahim-150x150.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/rawand-ben-brahim-150x150.jpg","caption":"Rawand Ben Brahim"},"description":"Academic Research Fellow, UPS Europe Strategy Research Institute","url":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/author\/rawand-ben-brahim\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/392"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62506"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62510,"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62506\/revisions\/62510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62507"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ludovika.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}